一、Material a counterfeit material a

• Tailings or bulk materials of the original manufacturer: the original packaging has been disassembled or there is no original packaging, but the product function and yield may be low due to storage time or processing process;
• Scrap or defective products reported by the original factory: mainly products that have not passed the factory inspection, such as scrap after reliability test, poor packaging quality, test defective products, etc;
• Refurbishment of original materials: refurbished goods, second-hand goods refurbishment;
• Examples of counterfeiting:                                              
  
                                               

                                            

二、Material B counterfeits material a

• Fraudulent use of trademarks and packaging: materials produced by informal manufacturers use the trademarks and packaging of formal large manufacturers.
• Refurbishment of fake goods: reprocess the recycled e-waste, such as grinding surface, pulling feet, plating feet, connecting feet, grinding words, typing, etc., into new materials. (processing the appearance of the chip makes the chip look more beautiful and even achieves the level of false truth. Some even include vacuum bags, label making, foam, carton and other processes).
• Examples of counterfeiting:                                              
                                                  
                                               
  Through comparison, it is found that the aeroflex} IC in the figure above is actually an IDT chip.