How Can Connectors Be Classified by Transmission Medium?

Based on the type of transmission medium, connectors are mainly classified into electrical connectors, optical connectors, and fluid connectors. The core classification criterion is the substance being transmitted—electrical signals, optical signals, or fluids.

1. Electrical Connectors

Electrical connectors transmit electrical signals or electrical power and are the most widely used type.

Common examples include USB connectors, HDMI connectors, RF connectors (such as SMA and BNC), and industrial terminal blocks. They are designed to mate with conductive transmission media such as cables and printed circuit boards (PCBs). Key performance parameters include contact resistance, rated current, and rated voltage.

2. Optical Connectors

Optical connectors transmit optical signals and are used with optical fiber as the transmission medium.

Typical types include SC, LC, FC, and ST connectors, which are widely applied in telecommunications networks, data centers, and related fields. Their core performance requirements are low insertion loss and high return loss, ensuring efficient and stable optical signal transmission.

3. Fluid Connectors

Fluid connectors are used to transmit gases or liquids, such as hydraulic oil or coolant, and are also commonly referred to as quick couplings. They are widely used in hydraulic systems, cooling systems, and industrial fluid control applications.