Are antennas usually composed of multiple identical radiating elements?

Not necessarily. Antennas are not always composed of multiple identical radiating elements.

1. Most common antennas use a single radiating element, such as FPC antennas in smartphones, whip antennas in walkie-talkies, and omnidirectional Wi-Fi antennas for home use.

2. Antennas composed of multiple identical radiating elements are called antenna arrays, which represent a specific antenna type rather than the norm.

3. Antenna arrays are designed to increase gain and optimize directivity, and are typically used in long-distance communication or base-station coverage scenarios, such as large-scale antenna arrays (Massive MIMO) in 5G base stations.

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